Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en 15 nefrópatas de la ciudad de Temuco en diálisis crónica: comparación descriptiva con la población general chilena / Cardiovascular risk factors in 15 nephrology patients in maintenance dialysis of Temuco city: comparison with chilean general population

Patients in chronic hemodialysis have a high mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. To study cardiovascular risk factors and nutritional status in a group of patients in maintenance hemodialysis, body mass index, blood pressure, serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and albumin were measured in 15 patients (8 males). Data were compared with available figures for the normal chilean population. Age ranged from 33 to 60 years oldin female patients and from 22 to 63 years old in males. Thirteen subjects (87 percent) has a high blood pressure, all had HDL cholesterol levels below 35 mg/dl, 4 (27 percent) had a total cholesterol over 200 mg/dl, 3 had triglyceride levels over 200 mg/dl, 2 (13 percent) smoked and none were diabetic. Mean body mass index was normal, albumin levels were 4.16 and 4.02 g/dl and serum creatinine was 11.64 and 9.68 mg/dl in males and females respectively. The estimated prevalence of high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia and smoking in the general chilean population range from 9 to 22 percent, from 50 to 52 percent and from 45 to 51 percent respectively. In conclusion, this group of patients has a high frequency of high blood pressure and low HDL cholesterol levels

Aprendizaje basado en problemas: logros de aprendizaje en las sub-categorías de información y comprensión del dominio cognitivo de Bloom / Learning based in problems: achievement in learning in sub-categories of information and comprehension of cognitive domain of Bloom

The aim of this work was to assess and compare the achievements of medical students, subjected to problem based learning methodology. The information and comprehension categories of Bloom were tested in 17 medical students in four different occasions during the physiopathology course, using a multiple choice knowledge test. There was a significant improvement in the number of correct answers towards the end of the course. It is concluded that these medical students obtained adequate learning achievement in the information subcategory of Bloom using problem based learning methodology, during the physiopathology course